Τρίτη 26 Ιουλίου 2011

Joseph E. Stiglitz- The Evils of Unregulated Capitalism- Τα Κακά του Ασύδωτου Καπιταλισμού


Published on Sunday, July 10, 2011 by Al Jazeera
 

The Evils of Unregulated Capitalism



(Ελεύθερη Μετφ. Κ. Τσιαντής)


Μόλις πριν λίγα χρόνια, μια πανίσχυρη ιδεολογία - η λατρεία της ελεύθερης και ανεξέλεγκτης αγοράς - έφερε τον κόσμο στο χείλος του γκρεμού. Ακόμη και όταν μεσουρανούσε, στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του  '80 έως το 2007, ο ανεξέλεγκτος Αμερικανικός καπιταλισμός  αύξησε την υλική ευημερία μόνο για τους πιο πλούσιους  της  πιο πλούσιας  χώρας  του κόσμου.
Πράγματι, κατά τη διάρκεια αυτής της 30-ετιας όπου θέριεψε και επικράτησε αυτή η ιδεολογία, οι περισσότεροι Αμερικανοί είδαν τα εισόδημά τους να μειώνονται  ή να παραμένουν  στάσιμα  από   χρόνο με το χρόνο.
Επιπλέον, η  αύξηση του ΑΕΠ  των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών δεν ήταν οικονομικά βιώσιμη. Με τόσο μεγάλο μέρος του αμερικανικού εθνικού προϊόντος να πηγαίνει  σε τόσο λίγους, συνεχής ανάπτυξη  ήταν δυνατή μόνο σε καθεστώς κατανάλωσης  που χρηματοδοτείτο από ένα υπέρμετρο δανεισμό.
Ήμουν ανάμεσα σε εκείνους που ήλπιζαν, με κάποιο τρόπο, ότι η οικονομική κρίση θα μπορούσε να διδάξει στους Αμερικανούς (και άλλους) ένα μάθημα όσον αφορά  την ανάγκη για μεγαλύτερη ισότητα, εντονότερη  ρύθμιση (των αγορών), και μια καλύτερη ισορροπία ανάμεσα στην αγορά και την κυβέρνηση. Αλλοίμονο, αυτό δεν συνέβη. Αντίθετα, μια αναβίωση των δεξιών οικονομικών, που οδηγείται, όπως πάντα, από την  ιδεολογία [της ελεύθερης αγοράς] και τα συναφή συμφέροντα, άλλη μια φορά απειλεί την παγκόσμια οικονομία - ή τουλάχιστον τις οικονομίες της Ευρώπης και της Αμερικής, όπου αυτές οι ιδέες συνεχίζουν να ακμάζουν.

Στις ΗΠΑ, αυτή η δεξιά αναβίωση,  της οποίας οι υποστηρικτές επιδιώκουν προφανώς να ακυρώσουν τους βασικούς νόμους των μαθηματικών και των οικονομικών, απειλεί να εξαναγκάσει  μια χρεοκοπία όσον αφορά το εθνικό χρέος. Εάν το Κογκρέσο  ψηφίσει δαπάνες που υπερβαίνουν το εθνικό εισόδημα, τότε θα υπάρξει ένα έλλειμμα, και  το έλλειμμα αυτό  πρέπει να χρηματοδοτηθεί.
Αντί να γίνεται προσεκτική εξισορρόπηση των  ωφελειών κάθε κυβερνητικού προγράμματος  με τα αυξανόμενα κόστη φορολογίας που χρησιμοποιούνται για να χρηματοδοτήσουν αυτά τα οφέλη, η δεξιά επιδιώκει ένα βίαιο χτύπημα - μην επιτρέποντας στο εθνικό χρέος  να αυξήσει τις αναπτυξιακές δαπάνες που περιορίζονται στους φόρους.

Αυτό αφήνει ανοικτό το θέμα  για το ποιές δαπάνες παίρνουν την προτεραιότητα. Και εάν την προτεραιότητα αυτή δεν την έχουν οι δαπάνες για την αποπληρωμή των τόκων του εθνικού χρέους, μια  χρεοκοπία  είναι αναπόφευκτη. Επιπλέον, το να περικόψουμε τώρα δαπάνες, εν μέσω της εξελισσόμενης κρίσης που επιφέρει η ιδεολογία της ελεύθερης αγοράς,  θα προανήγγειλε απλά αναπόφευκτα  την  ύφεση.

Μια δεκαετία πριν, στη μέση του κύκλου της οικονομικής άνθισης, οι ΗΠΑ αντιμετώπισαν ένα πλεόνασμα τόσο μεγάλο που μπορούσε να εξαλείψει το εθνικό χρέος. Αλλά  τι συνέβη;
Οι υπερβολικά υψηλού κόστους φορολογικές περικοπές και οι πόλεμοι, μια σημαντική ύφεση, και οι δαπάνες υγειονομικής περίθαλψης που πετούσαν στα  ύψη (εν μέρει εξαιτίας της δέσμευσης της διοίκησης  George W Bush  να αφήσει τις εταιρείες φαρμάκου ελεύθερες στο να ορίζουν τις τιμές) θέτοντας  ακόμη και  τα κυβερνητικά χρήματα σε κίνδυνο, γρήγορα μετασχημάτισαν ένα τεράστιο πλεόνασμα στα ελλείμματα που καταγράφονται  εν καιρώ ειρήνης.

Οι θεραπείες στο αμερικανικό έλλειμμα προκύπτουν αμέσως από αυτή τη διάγνωση: να επιστρέψει η Αμερική ξανά στη δουλειά ενεργοποιώντας την οικονομία, να δοθεί τέλος στους ανόητους πολέμους, να περιορίσει τις στρατιωτικές δαπάνες  και το κόστος περίθαλψης, να αυξηθούν οι φόροι, τουλάχιστον για τους πολύ πλούσιους.

Αλλά η δεξιά δεν έχει καμιά τέτοια πρόθεση. Αντ' αυτού ωθεί για  ακόμα περισσότερες φορολογικές περικοπές όσον αφορά τις εταιρίες και τους πλούσιους, μαζί με περικοπές δαπανών στις επενδύσεις και την κοινωνική προστασία, οι οποίες  βάζουν το μέλλον της αμερικανικής οικονομίας σε κίνδυνο και  τεμαχίζουν τα όποια υπολείμματα του  κοινωνικού συμβολαίου.


Εν τω μεταξύ, ο αμερικανικός οικονομικός τομέας έχει πιέσει σκληρά ο ίδιος προκειμένου να απελευθερωθεί από  κανονισμούς, έτσι ώστε να μπορεί να επιστρέψει στους καταστροφικά ανεξέλεγκτους τρόπους του παρελθόντος.

Αλλά τα θέματα είναι ελάχιστα καλύτερα στην Ευρώπη. Καθώς η Ελλάδα και άλλες χώρες αντιμετωπίζουν κρίσεις, η ιατρική της θεραπείας τους  είναι απλώς φθοροποιά προγράμματα λιτότητας και ιδιωτικοποιήσεων, οι οποίες το μόνο που  κάνουν είναι να αφήσουν τις χώρες που τις υιοθετούν  να γίνουν περισσότερο φτωχές  και  τρωτές. 
Αυτή η  ιατρική απέτυχε στην ανατολική  Ασία, τη Λατινική Αμερική, και αλλού, και  θα αποτύχει επίσης και στην Ευρώπη όπου νάναι. Πράγματι, έχει αποτύχει ήδη στην Ιρλανδία, τη Λετονία, και την Ελλάδα.

Υπάρχει μια εναλλακτική λύση: μια στρατηγική οικονομικής ανάπτυξης που υποστηρίζεται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και το διεθνές νομισματικό Ταμείο. Η ανάπτυξη  θα αποκαθιστούσε την εμπιστοσύνη στο ότι η Ελλάδα μπορεί να αποπληρώσει τα χρέη της, αναγκάζοντας τα επιτόκια  να πέσουν και αφήνοντας περισσότερα  περιθώρια για περαιτέρω ανάπτυξη- διάχυση των επενδύσεων.
Η ανάπτυξη η ίδια αυξάνει τα φορολογικά έσοδα και μειώνει την ανάγκη για κοινωνικές δαπάνες, όπως τα επιδόματα ανεργίας. Και η εμπιστοσύνη που το γεγονός αυτό προκαλεί οδηγεί σε περαιτέρω  ανάπτυξη.

Δυστυχώς, οι χρηματιστικές αγορές και οι δεξιοί οικονομολόγοι έχουν πάει το πρόβλημα ακριβώς προς τα πίσω: θεωρούν ότι η λιτότητα παράγει εμπιστοσύνη, και ότι η εμπιστοσύνη θα παράξει  ανάπτυξη.  Αλλά η λιτότητα υπονομεύει την ανάπτυξη,  επιδεινώνοντας τα κυβερνητικά φορολογικά έσοδα, ή τουλάχιστον παράγοντας λιγότερη βελτίωση απ΄ότι η ίδια  υπόσχεται. Και στις δύο εκτιμήσεις, η εμπιστοσύνη υπονομεύεται, και μια προς τα κάτω σπείρα επιδείνωσης  τίθεται  σε κίνηση.

Χρειαζόμαστε όντως  ένα ακόμα δαπανηρό πείραμα με ιδέες που έχουν  επανειλημμένα αποτύχει; Ίσως δεν θάπρεπε, αλλά  όλο και περισσότερο φαίνεται ότι θα πρέπει ωστόσο να  επιμείνουμε για  έναν άλλο δρόμο.
Μια αποτυχία είτε της Ευρώπης είτε των ΗΠΑ στο να επιστρέψουν στην εύρωστη ανάπτυξη θα ήταν κακό για την παγκόσμια  οικονομία. Μια αποτυχία και στις δύο  θα ήταν καταστρεπτική - ακόμα και εάν οι κύριες αναδυόμενες χώρες των αγορών έχουν επιτύχει την αυτοτροφοδοτούμενη ανάπτυξη.


Published on Sunday, July 10, 2011 by Al Jazeera

The Evils of Unregulated Capitalism


Just a few years ago, a powerful ideology - the belief in free and unfettered markets - brought the world to the brink of ruin. Even in its hey-day, from the early 1980s until 2007, US-style deregulated capitalism brought greater material well-being only to the very richest in the richest country of the world.
Indeed, over the course of this ideology's 30-year ascendance, most Americans saw their incomes decline or stagnate year after year.
Moreover, output growth in the United States was not economically sustainable. With so much of US national income going to so few, growth could continue only through consumption financed by a mounting pile of debt.
I was among those who hoped that, somehow, the financial crisis would teach Americans (and others) a lesson about the need for greater equality, stronger regulation, and a better balance between the market and government.
Alas, that has not been the case.
On the contrary, a resurgence of right-wing economics, driven, as always, by ideology and special interests, once again threatens the global economy - or at least the economies of Europe and America, where these ideas continue to flourish.
In the US, this right-wing resurgence, whose adherents evidently seek to repeal the basic laws of mathematics and economics, is threatening to force a default on the national debt. If Congress mandates expenditures that exceed revenues, there will be a deficit, and that deficit has to be financed.
Rather than carefully balancing the benefits of each government expenditure program with the costs of raising taxes to finance those benefits, the right seeks to use a sledgehammer - not allowing the national debt to increase forces expenditures to be limited to taxes.
This leaves open the question of which expenditures get priority - and if expenditures to pay interest on the national debt do not, a default is inevitable. Moreover, to cut back expenditures now, in the midst of an ongoing crisis brought on by free-market ideology, would inevitably simply prolong the downturn.
A decade ago, in the midst of an economic boom, the US faced a surplus so large that it threatened to eliminate the national debt.
So what happened?
Unaffordable tax cuts and wars, a major recession, and soaring health-care costs - fueled in part by the commitment of George W Bush's administration to giving drug companies free rein in setting prices, even with government money at stake - quickly transformed a huge surplus into record peacetime deficits.
The remedies to the US deficit follow immediately from this diagnosis: put America back to work by stimulating the economy; end the mindless wars; rein in military and drug costs; and raise taxes, at least on the very rich.
But the right will have none of this, and instead is pushing for even more tax cuts for corporations and the wealthy, together with expenditure cuts in investments and social protection that put the future of the US economy in peril and that shred what remains of the social contract.
Meanwhile, the US financial sector has been lobbying hard to free itself of regulations, so that it can return to its previous, disastrously carefree, ways.
But matters are little better in Europe. As Greece and others face crises, the medicine du jour is simply timeworn austerity packages and privatization, which will merely leave the countries that embrace them poorer and more vulnerable. This medicine failed in East Asia, Latin America, and elsewhere, and it will fail in Europe this time around, too. Indeed, it has already failed in Ireland, Latvia, and Greece.
There is an alternative: an economic-growth strategy supported by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. Growth would restore confidence that Greece could repay its debts, causing interest rates to fall and leaving more fiscal room for further growth-enhancing investments.
Growth itself increases tax revenues and reduces the need for social expenditures, such as unemployment benefits. And the confidence that this engenders leads to still further growth.
Regrettably, the financial markets and right-wing economists have gotten the problem exactly backwards: they believe that austerity produces confidence, and that confidence will produce growth. But austerity undermines growth, worsening the government's fiscal position, or at least yielding less improvement than austerity's advocates promise. On both counts, confidence is undermined, and a downward spiral is set in motion.
Do we really need another costly experiment with ideas that have failed repeatedly? We shouldn't, but increasingly it appears that we will have to endure another one nonetheless.
A failure of either Europe or the US to return to robust growth would be bad for the global economy. A failure in both would be disastrous - even if the major emerging-market countries have attained self-sustaining growth.
© 2011 Joseph E. Stiglitz
Joseph E. Stiglitz
Joseph E. Stiglitz is University Professor at Columbia University. Among many books, he is the author of Globalization and Its Discontents. He received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2001 for research on the economics of information. He is the co-author, with Linda Bilmes, of The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Costs of the Iraq Conflict.  His most recent book is Free Fall: America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy.

Ν. Κάππα- Το παγκόσμιο οικονομικό σύστημα


Αγαπητοί φίλοι.
Από χρόνια, τώρα, κυκλοφορούσαν και κυκλοφορούν φήμες περί μιας... "στημένης" μη-
χανής από κάποιους "εξωθεσμικούς" παράγοντες ή... "σκοτεινά κέντρα" που σκοπό τους 
είχαν και έχουν την απαξίωση τής ανθρώπινης ύπαρξης προκειμένου να πετύχουν τον 
απόλυτο έλεγχο επ' αυτής ώστε να εξασφαλίσουν, εσαεί, οικονομικά πολιτικά οφέλη που 
θα προκύψουν απ' αυτόν.
Για τους περισσότερους τέτοιες ιστορίες ήταν φαντασιοπληξίες, όμως, με την πάροδο τών
χρόνων (τέτοια σχέδια χρειάζονται χρόνια για να πραγματοποιηθούν) η πραγματικότητα
αποδεικνύει ότι αυτοί που προειδοποιούσαν για τα... "επερχόμενα" δεν ήταν και τόσο...
"βαρεμένοι".
Απόδειξη για τούτο είναι και το επισυναπτόμενο ενημερωτικό-άρθρο τού Καναδού πολιτικού
Paul Hellyer ο οποίος, επί χρόνια είδε και άκουσε τα όσα περιγράφει.
Για όποιον, λοιπόν, ενδιαφέρεται να μάθει περισσότερα ή είναι περίεργος να μάθει αξίζει να
διαθέσει 15 λεπτά για να διαβάσει και να δει τα όσα αναφέρονται και στη συνέχεια να τα προ-
ωθήσει. Για όποιον, όμως, τέτοιους είδους αποκαλύψεις εξακολουθούν να είναι... "μυθεύματα" 
δεν έχει παρά να κάνει ένα κλικ και να πετάξει στα σκουπίδια το μήνυμα τούτο.
Ευχαριστώ.
Ν. Κάππα (Τορόντο)


The World financial system is a total fraud. 
Hon. Paul Hellyer, P.C.
Former Canadian Minister of National Defence
At International Finance vs The Peoples of the World
Fort McDowell Resort, Scottsdale, Arizona
February 26, 2011
It is one gargantuan Ponzi scheme, no better than the one Bernie Madoff use to swindle his friends and neighbors, and thousands of times worse if you add up the total number of victims it has ripped off over countless generations.
The principal difference between the two schemes is that Madoff was acting outside the law while the international banking cartel has persuaded generation after generation of monarchs, presidents and prime ministers to provide legislative protection for their larceny.
The Bankers' Ponzi scheme is alarmingly simple. 
They lend the same money to several people or institutions at the same time and collect interest on it from each. What the banks really lend, however, is their credit, and what they take back in compensation for that privilege is a debt that must be repaid with interest.
The number of times they lend the same money is called leverage. The practice is as old as the hills but for our purposes we can start with the goldsmiths of Lombard Street in London, England, who accepted deposits for which they issued certificates redeemable on demand. They paid their depositors a nominal interest rate on the understanding that they could lend the money to their customers at higher interest rates. They soon found that they could lend more than they had in their vaults because only a few depositors came in to redeem their gold or silver at any one time. It was a scam. It was illegal. Nevertheless they got away with it for a long while and the scam was legitimized when the Bank of England was chartered to help King William finance his war. Rich people subscribed £1,200,000 in gold and silver, as capital, to found the bank, which then was lent to the government at 8 percent. To show his appreciation the King allowed the bank to print £1,200,000 in banknotes and lend them at high interest rates. In effect, the bank was allowed to lend the same money twice– once to the government and once to the people.
If any skeptics think I am overstating the case don’t take my word for it. Go to www.victoryfortheworld.net and read some of the books that can be used as references. A hundred pages of The Web of Debt, for example, setting out the history of money, will probably be enough to make you sick at your stomach. I stopped reading it at night because if often made me so angry I couldn’t sleep.
Over the years, due to the avarice of the banks and the complicity of the politicians, that ratio has increased dramatically. In the early days of the 20th century, federal chartered U.S. banks were required to keep gold reserves of 25 percent. That means they were allowed to lend the same money four times. I remember when Canadian banks were required to maintain a cash reserve of 8 percent. That means they were allowed to lend the same money 12½ times.
Today, thanks to Milton Friedman’s irrational flip-flop from being a proponent of 100% cash reserves to the opposite extreme of zero reserves, and the adoption of his ideas by the major central banks of the world in 1974, multiples have increased dramatically – in some cases to as much as 20 to 1 or more. Banks only keep enough cash to meet day-to-day demands for those few customers who go in and request it, and consequently the fraud is virtually total.
The system works this way. 
Suppose that you want to borrow $35,000 to buy a new car. You visit your friendly banker and ask for a loan. He or she will ask you for collateral – some stocks, bonds, a second mortgage on your house or cottage or, if you are unable to supply any of these, the co-signature of a well-to-do friend or relative. When the collateral requirement is satisfied you will be asked to sign a note for the principal amount with an agreed rate of interest.
When the paperwork is complete, and the note signed, your banker will make an entry on the bank’s computer and, presto, a $35,000 credit will appear in your account which you can use to buy your car. The important point is that seconds earlier that money did not exist. It was created out of thin air – so to speak.
The banking equation is a species of double-entry bookkeeping where your note becomes an asset on the bank’s books, and the new money that was deposited to your account is a liability. The profit for the bank comes from the difference between the low rate of interest, if any, you would be paid on your deposit if you didn’t spend the borrowed money immediately, and the much higher rate you would be obliged to pay on your note – the technical term is “the spread.”
At some point, however, you have to pay off your note and any interest owing. And not only you, but everyone else who has borrowed “money” from banks – including governments which, by the way, own the right to print money [creating money from nothing] but that have irresponsibly handed the right over to an elite group of private bankers. Anyone who defaults is in big trouble. Individuals who default will have the assets they pledged as collateral seized by the bank. A government that is in danger of defaulting, will be forced to borrow from the International Monetary Fund, which will then tell that government how to run its affairs including cutting back on services and selling off public assets to the international vulture capitalists.
In reality, then, the banks have turned the world into one humongous pawn-shop. You hock your stocks, bonds, house, business, rich mother-in-law or country and the bank(s) will give you a loan based on the value of the collateral [by creating money from nothing, a.k.a. counterfeiting, since the banksters don’t own the assets against which they issue the money]
A world system where all the money is created as debt is a perpetual disaster in the making. It is like a giant balloon that the banks pump full of debt.  The balloon gets larger and larger until the debt load becomes too heavy to carry, and then it is like a balloon with a pin stuck in it.  The system crashes and thousands or sometimes millions of innocent people lose their jobs, homes, farms and businesses.  Almost any high school student should be able to see that any monetary system based on debt creation is totally insane. The total world debt, mathematically, is always tending toward infinity – and there is no possible way of paying it off. The real money (legal tender) to do so doesn’t exist. And the real economy, that depends on cash to grow, shifts into low gear whenever the supply of credit money dries up.
Not surprisingly, there have been 25 recessions and depressions in the United States since 1890.  In several cases, including the Great Depression of the 1930s and the current Great Recession, the evidence indicates that the meltdown was anticipated by a few insiders who helped trigger the catastrophe.
In the wake of the Great Depression, the U.S. Senate Banking and Currency Committee Report (that became widely known as the Pecora Report on the Practices of Stock Exchanges), indicated that there were insiders who benefitted from the crash. (This is what is needed in today's world: another Pecora to clean up but the will isn't there. vg)
“Legal chicanery and pitch darkness were the banker’s stoutest allies,” Pecora wrote in his memoir. Similar allegations were evident in Charles Ferguson damning documentary “Inside Job, relating to the 2007-2008 meltdown. These reports, and other historical evidence prove beyond any doubt that much of Wall Street is rotten to the core.  It has become one gigantic millstone around the neck of both the American and world economies.
The collateral damage from the recent meltdown has been staggering. The U.S. Bureau of Labor estimated that 8.4 million jobs were lost in the U.S. alone. Most countries experienced similar dramatic losses. The reduction in asset values worldwide has been estimated at $20 trillion U.S. dollars, yet not a single one of the culprits is in jail. You would think that someone would have had the decency to launch a class action for at least $10 trillion against every individual and every organization that contributed to the catastrophe in any way.
It boggles the mind that a system so vulnerable to manipulation would ever have come into existence in the first place. The evolution did not happen by accident.  It was not guided by the mythical invisible hand of Adam Smith. On the contrary, for more than a century-and-a-half, it was engineered by the barely visible hand of the Rothschild family and its allies, and since World War II by the Rockefeller family. The two dynasties combined forces to exercise influence on many fronts sheltered by the cloak of secrecy established by the Bilderberg Group.
The long-term influence of the banking cartel is incalculable. Their biggest coup was the establishment of the Federal Reserve System in the United States. The big New York banks really didn’t like the idea of genuine competition, so a small group held a secret meeting at the private resort of J.P. Morgan on Jekyll Island, off the coast of Georgia. Their scheme, devised by Paul M. Warburg, and subsequently adopted by Congress, is a legal private monopoly of the U.S. money supply operated for the benefit of the few under the guise of protecting and promoting the public interest.
It is a tribute to the skill of the international bankers that they were able to draft a bill, revise it, change its name and make the few window dressing compromises necessary to get it adopted by Congress just before Christmas when quite a few Representatives must have been dreaming of sugar plum fairies instead of exercising due diligence. Only Charles Lindberg Sr. seemed to grasp the essence of what was going on. To put it bluntly, the Congress transferred its sovereign constitutional right to create money to the sole custody of a group of private bankers. The magnitude of the hoistis unprecedented in the history of the world – the numbers now are in the high trillions.
Soon after the bill was passed the magnitude of the tragedy began to be recognized. William Jennings Bryan, who acted as Democrat whip, later said: “In my long political career, the one thing I genuinely regret is my part in getting the banking and currency legislation (Federal Reserve Act of 1913) enacted into law.”  President Woodrow Wilson, just three years after passage of the Act, wrote: A great industrial nation is controlled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is concentrated (in the Federal Reserve System). The growth of the nation, therefore, and all our activities are in the hands of a few men…. We have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled and dominated governments in the civilized world.”  But the bill was not repealed; almost 100 years later the sell-out is still the law. This makes you wonder what the people’s representatives have been doing to earn their salaries.
The people in charge of the original deception were very far-seeing. They realized that when future governments had to borrow from them they would need a constant income stream to pay the interest on the bonds. So they persuaded the government to introduce income taxes, first as a temporary measure, but later permanently, so it would be able to meet its obligations to the bondholders. In fiscal year 2005 total individual income taxes in the U.S. totalled $927 billion.  Of that amount $352 billion, or 38%, was required just to pay interest on the federal debt. The figure would be higher now.
Banksters bought up most influential newspapers in the world.
The banksters, as they were often called, then decided that an independent press might catch on to the chicanery. Oscar Callaway is reported in the Congressional Record of February 9, 1917 as follows.
“In March, 1915, the J.P. Morgan interests, the steel, shipbuilding, and powder interests, and their subsidiary organizations, got together 12 men high up in the newspaper world, and employed them to select the most influential newspapers in the United States and sufficient number of them to control generally the policy of the daily press of the United States… They found it was only necessary to purchase the control of 25 of the greatest papers.
The 25 papers were agreed upon; emissaries were sent to purchase the policy, national and international, of these papers; … an editor was furnished for each paper to properly supervise and edit information regarding the questions of preparedness, militarism, financial policies, and other things of national and international nature considered vital to the interests of the purchasers [and to suppresseverything in opposition to the wishes of the interests served.”
It has been suggested that the Bilderberg Group may have taken a leaf from the Morgan precedent to protect their interests in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. That is impossible to prove, because its members are sworn to secrecy, and the press won’t report on its meetings.
Could it be mere coincidence that the monetary system, the downside of globalization, 9/11 and the decades-long cover-up of the extraterrestrial presence and technology (especially the clean energy sources that would impact the value of oil stocks), the four subjects of most direct beneficial interests of the banksters, are the four subjects that are avoided like the plague by the mainline press?
I myself am not willing to go so far as to say that the men behind the international banking system are evil men because their thoughts are private.  But Sir Josiah, later Baron Stamp, a former director of the Bank of England, has given us a rare snapshot of the truth:
“Banking was conceived in iniquity and was born in sin. The Bankers own the earth. Take it away from them, but leave them the power to create money, and with a flick of the pen they will create enough money to buy it back again. However, take that power away from them and all the great fortunes like mine will disappear, and they ought to disappear, for this would be a happier and better world to live in. But if you wish to remain the slaves of Bankers, and pay the cost of your own slavery, let them continue to create money.”
The taxpayers bail out the banks, but get nothing in return.
In the latest meltdown of 2007-2008, the Fed acted quickly to prevent the Ponzi pyramid from collapsing completely. It printed trillions of dollars to bail out the banks and a few industries that were highly indebted to banks.
But what did the Fed do for the taxpayers whose money was so wildly diluted to save the banks? Nothing! They were left to fend for themselves. Millions of people lost their jobs, their farms, their houses, their hopes, and their dignity as a result of circumstances beyond their control. The taxpayers bailed out the banks, but got nothing in return.
The same is true of governments who came so quickly to the rescue. As a result of the meltdown their revenues were decreased so they were forced to incur or increase their deficits, as well as to start cutting back on essential services. The Fed pretended to be helping stimulate the economy by reducing interest rates to near zero. It would be an interesting exercise to find out what happened to all of this low-cost money. It would be a good subject for Congressional attention. How much did the banks use to buy up domestic and foreign assets at fire-sale prices?  Was any of it used by financial institutions to try to corner world food markets and raise prices at a time when millions are starving?
No doubt some taxpayers did take advantage of the low interest rates available but were they warned about the old bait and switch game? Anyone who acquires assets with cheap money runs the risk of losing their property when the Fed ultimately raises rates. It’s all part of the boom-bust cycle inherent in our infinitely silly monetary system.
The Economics Profession
What does all this have to say about the economics profession? What it really says isn’t fit to print. Someone once said that if you put 20 economists in a room you will get 21 opinions. That is not my experience. If you get 20 economists together they are likely to give you one stock answer, or at most two. And if there is one dissenter he or she is likely to be drowned out by the 19, squawking like a flock of parrots the words memorized from what their professors taught them.
I have witnessed this herd-like mentality first hand. When I was first elected to the House of Commons in 1949 there were only a handful of Keynesians in Ottawa. Twenty years later nearly everyone was a Keynesian including, I am told, Richard Nixon.
At that time there were only a few monetarists around. But they spread like mushrooms and soon dominated the economic landscape. It reached the stage when Keynes was anathema, and it was almost impossible to get a tenured position in a school of economics unless you were part of Milton Friedman’s monetarist revolution.
Apparently little if any thought was given to the possibility that neither Keynes nor Friedman had got it right. The former was a bit closer to reality than the latter, but both theories foundered on the rocks of one inescapable truth. Both assumed that the economic system is self-correcting, yet more than two centuries of experience has demonstrated clearly that it is not!  Someone has to be at the tiller charged with steering clear of the shoals and rocks of economic disaster and that person has to be someone who is responsible to the people and not the self-serving boom-busters.
Better People
The third essential change is for us as individuals. A just and peaceful world is not possible when it is riddled with graft, fraud and corruption of all kinds. Greed is king and mammon rules the world.
Institutions have to change too. For centuries major religions have been selling their alleged superiority or exclusiveness at the point of a sword, leading to the deaths of thousands of innocents. The three Abrahamic religions, for example, all claim the inside route to paradise. Mathematically that is impossible. It is far more probable, mathematically, that they are all wrong and that the truth is larger and more inclusive.
Ancient and modern history both suggest that there is no hope of a just and peaceful world unless all religions, and those with no religion, forget their differences and start working together to build the Kingdom of God on Earth. I define this as a world where every child can expect food to eat, clean water to drink, adequate clothing to wear, a roof overhead, access to medical support and enough education to be able to determine how best he or she can serve humankind positively, with dignity and self-fulfillment.
What a wonderful world that would be! But it would require a 180-degree change in policies and priorities and a serious effort to apply the Golden Rule that all religions claim as a common thread. The application of the Golden Rule would mean an end to empire building, and the pursuit of military power and advantage. The U.S., for example, would have to stop being its own worst enemy. The declaration of the war on terror was the biggest strategic blunder I have seen.
On the 11th day of September 2001, following the attacks on the World Trade Center, the United States enjoyed the sympathy of the world, including Arab states and populations. The threat from al-Qaeda was limited and quite within the potential of police and intelligence operations to cope with. The situation changed dramatically with the launch of a war on Iraq. The goodwill began to evaporate overnight. Soon, instead of a few dozens insurgents the numbers of young Muslims willing to die for their cause multiplied to thousands and a great chasm of hate and mistrust enveloped much of the world.
The U.S. has consistently refused to be even-handed in the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, and the Israelis deceive themselves, and the world, when they claim to be the victims. For a long while peace has been within their grasp if they could have agreed to a just settlement, and establishment of a vibrant Palestinian state. But a handful of fundamentalists have always succeeded in disrupting the peace process because they are not willing to accept the great Rabbi Hillel’s admonition. “So always treat others the way you would like them to treat you; that is the message of the Law and the Prophets.”  Meanwhile the peace and stability of the world remains in jeopardy.
The world community must adopt principles and practices that override fundamentalists of any stripe whether they be Christian, Muslim, Jewish or Economic.  In addition, religious people should pay more attention to their holy books. There is nothing in the Bible that would legitimize a preventive war, with its carpet bombing, or the launch of a drone or missile intended to kill one person when there is risk that innocent bystanders will also die. Similarly, there is nothing in the Qur’an that would justify suicide bombing that results in the random death of innocents.
Global Hope
If you get the impression that the world is going to hell in a hand basket you have heard me correctly. But it doesn’t need to be so. There are remedies but they involve massive change in the areas discussed – none of which are even on the political radar at present. There is light at the end of the tunnel but, as Sir John Quinton, a former chairman of Barclay’s Bank said, “Bankers sometimes look on politicians as people who, when they see light at the end of the tunnel, order more tunnel.”
What we are really talking about is restoring democracy to countries that not only claim they have it, but also take pride in trying to export it, even though they don’t really qualify as democratic as defined in the dictionary. In Webster’s it is: “government in which supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them or their elected representatives.”  To begin, Wall Street has been the dominant power in the U.S. for decades, and still is. Add to that the fact that the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President of the United States, does not have the security clearance for a number of projects controlled by troops under his command, and you have to conclude that the U.S. is not really a democracy.
The same can be said about Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany and myriad countries that are really puppets of the International Financial System. In each case the real interests of citizen voters is subjugated to the demands of international finance.
There is a sad irony in reading U.S. history of the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary days. Historians often attribute the revolution to the tax on tea. On the other hand, “[Benjamin] Franklin cited restrictions upon paper money as one of the main reasons for the alienation of the American provinces from the mother country.”  The U.S. won the revolutionary war but then lost the next critical one when it adopted the British banking system instead of pursuing the better model their provinces had been experimenting with.
For the U.S. now to inflict the British practice on countries around the world, using the International Monetary Fund and World Bank as enforcers, is comparable to the King’s edict that gave birth to the United States. So the financial chains of oppression have to be broken and freedom restored to citizens everywhere.
It’s time to forget the tea party and address the critically important issues facing the U.S. and the world. All of these issues are non-partisan by definition and deserve the attention and support of all genuine patriots without distinction of race, color, religion or political affiliation – both in the U.S. and worldwide. We must unite to preserve and enhance the beautiful satellite that is our birthright.
An Agenda for Action

The first and most urgent project is to clip the wings of the bankers and democratize the money-creation function.  In the U.S. the Federal Reserve System must be abolished and its alleged function of regulating the money supply be assumed by the federal government or an agency under its direct control. The most powerful and valuable tool in the economic arsenal must be available to the representatives of the people who can be held responsible for their success or failure.
Some monetary reformers recommend that governments create 100% of new money in a debt free form, greenbacks or equivalent. In the interests of a fast and smooth transition I am suggesting that a ratio of 34% government-created money to 66% bank-created money would work satisfactorily. Banks would be required to maintain 34% cash reserves against their deposits.
The important thing is that governments must immediately create the large sums necessary to balance their budgets and get their economies running at maximum output again. I am talking about an infusion of perhaps $10 trillion U.S. Dollar equivalent to start and more if needed to get economies up to speed and to reduce unemployment worldwide by at least half, with the creation of millions of new jobs.  Is this likely to cause massive inflation, as the financial cartel will immediately allege, because it is one of its longest running and most successful bugbears?
The answer to their phony phonetics is a resounding “no.”  As any economist should know, it is the amount of money that is created that influences prices, and not who prints it.  So as long as governments limit what economists call “the multiplier effect” there will be no problem.  Certainly the present system has been inflationary.  A 1950 U.S. dollar is only worth 7.5 cents today. A common sense monetary system should produce better results than that. So there is no reason why the banking system should not be fundamentally reformed – at once!
There are four other actions that I think we, the people of the world should demand of our politicians.

1. A law must be passed at once to prohibit all politicians, candidates for political office and political parties from accepting money from any financial institution as well as make it a criminal offense for any such institution either directly or indirectly to offer it.
2. World leaders must adopt a 10-year time frame to reduce greenhouse emissions by 90 percent.
3. The U.N. should declare 2012 the year of forgiveness and reconciliation – a new era of cooperation and (agape) love between races, tribes, religions, nations, and regions both mondial and intergalactic. We have so much to learn in many areas including medicine and food production.
So the U.S. must relinquish its privileged position as the center of “the loop” as part of a new kind of leadership in creating the better world we all dream of.
International Finance vs. The People of the World

None of this vision of a just and peaceful world will be possible unless the all-pervasive power of the international banks has been broken.  In 1999 I wrote a book in which I said the next world war would be between the banks and the people of the world. There have been skirmishes for centuries and, so far, the banks have always come out on top.  They are now taking advantage of the recent meltdown, and the resulting sovereign debt crisis to line up their heavy artillery including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Federal Reserve System and the Bank for International Settlements for a final conclusive battle.
As always the aim of the game is to rob the people of the world of their sovereign right to govern their own affairs, and to entrench the power of the international banks, their elite industrial allies and a small cabal of military insiders who run the world as their private fiefdomThe word “unjust” is too small a word by far to describe what they are up to.
If any skeptics think I am overstating the case don’t take my word for it.  Go to www.victoryfortheworld.net and read some of the books that can be used as references. A hundred pages of The Web of Debt, for example, setting out the history of money, will probably be enough to make you sick at your stomach. I stopped reading it at night because if often made me so angry I couldn’t sleep.
I entered politics more than 60 years ago because I thought recessions were quite unnecessary. They were monetary phenomena with a relatively easy fix.  I have made hundreds of speeches on the subject and convinced a few thousand people. But never the movers and shakers.  And the mainline press were less than helpful. They were so jaundiced that they were not interested in a maverick speaking truth to power. So it was always a case of David vs. Goliath, to use a Biblical analogy.
Now, for the first time, the power exists to turn the tables and go for the jugular. The internet is providing power to the people that they have never enjoyed before. The young people of the world, in concert with the thousands of their parents and others who care about the state of the world can use the power of social networking to effect a miracle on their own behalf and that of succeeding generations.
The valiant people of Tunisia and Egypt have shown the way by achieving what was believed to be impossible. We share their euphoria. At the same time they, and we, must acknowledge that it is only the beginning. Real freedom will only be possible when they have escaped from the tyranny of international banks, and Wall Street is no longer able to manipulate the price of their daily bread.
A good start might be to distribute a million copies of this speech and translate it into a number of languages. Then the rising generation can bombard the barricades through their social networks. Regime change is not necessary except for leaders who refuse to see the light. But concerned citizens of the world should band together and rattle the cages of all federal politicians. Tell them bluntly that they must vigorously support the above agenda or face inevitable defeat at the next election. It is a simple message, but the only one they understand.
At a press conference on March 29, 2001 announcing the U.S. was backing out of the Kyoto Protocol, President George W. Bush said, “A friend is someone who tells you the truth.” That is what I have been doing today. It is a message of global hope for every race, color, religion and nationality in the world.
--------------------
Paul Hellyer
20 Bay St., 12th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2N8 Canada
Tel: 416/850-1375
"War, Fascism, concentration camps, rubber truncheons, atomic bombs, etc., are what we daily think about, and therefore to a great extent what we write about, even when we do not name them openly. We cannot help this. When you are on a sinking ship, your thoughts will be about sinking ships." 
                                                                                                                                   George Orwell (1903-1950)
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Examples of World Banking Fraud across the Globe today
Added by Bill Woollam
1Rothschilds Stage Revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt. To Kill Islamic Banks In Emerging North African Markets
2Motives by Western Oligarchs to Overtake Libya:
The Libyan Central Bank is 100% state owned…. I am sure that the Western oligarchy do not wish the world to see such a successful monetary system alive and well on the planet
More About Gadhaffi:  What You Won't Hear Reported in the West:
Libyan Rebels Have Already Established A New Central Bank Of Libya.... March 28th, 2011.  And whose interests, if not international banking privateers, would these Libyan political henchmen be concerned with?
3) For over 20 years there have been attempts to privatize Japan's Post Savings bank, which is the largest depository savings bank in the world. Japan Post savings bank and insurance arms boast combined assets of more than $3.2 trillion.